Reaction Paper About Monetary Policy - 3087 Words

1. SOCIOLOGY is the ordered, logical study of human society and its origins, development, organizations, and institutions. It is a social science which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity, structures, and functions. A goal for many sociologists is to conduct research which may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. Subject matter ranges from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure. The traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification, social class, culture,†¦show more content†¦Both Auguste Comte and Karl Marx set out to develop scientifically justified systems in the wake of Europeanindustrialization and secularization, informed by various key movements in the philosophies of history and science. Marx rejected Comtean positivism but in attempting to develop a science of societynevertheless came to be recognized as a founder of sociology as the word gained wider meaning. For Isaiah Berlin, Marx may be regarded as the true father of modern sociology, in so far as anyone can claim the title. Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was one of the most popular and influential 19th century sociologists. It is estimated that he sold one million books in his lifetime, far more than any other sociologist at the time. So strong was his influence that many other 19th century thinkers, including Émile Durkheim, defined their ideas in relation to his. Durkheim’s Division of Labour in Society is to a large extent an extended debate with Spencer from whose sociology, many commentators now agree, Durkheim borrowed extensively. Also a notable biologist, Spencer coined the term survival of the fittest. Whilst Marxian ideas defined one strand of sociology, Spencer was a critic of socialism as well as strong advocate for a laissez-faire style of government. His ideas were highly observed by conservative political circles, especially in the United States andShow MoreRelatedMonetary Policy Should Consider Asset Prices944 Words   |  4 PagesTo look into the is sue of whether monetary policy should consider asset prices in particular their appreciation, we lay out a model in which we corporate a role for asset prices in particular bubbles. To carry this forth, we lay the paper out into 3 sections, where in section one we summarize our model and findings, section two we look into the model in further detail. In section three we evaluate four scenarios in which a monetary policy maker could face in a given economy, and in the last partRead MoreRational Expectation Hypothesis Proposed By Lucas ( 1973 ) And Sargent1524 Words   |  7 Pagesmoney, considering hedge risk or make investment. 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Linear B Archives and the Mycenaean World Free Essays

string(169) " which were found in the Northeast Workshop, list leather points that relate to chariots, some illustrations are reigns, hackamores, espousals and saddlebags \[ 22 \] \." What part do the Linear B archives make to understanding the Mycenaean universe in regard of one of the followers: societal administration, cult patterns, stock genteelness and agribusiness, warfare, bronze working? The Linear B archives provide us with the earliest primary grounds about Mycenaean palatial civilizations [ 1 ] and an alone penetration into the nature of Mycenaean warfare. The archives consist of about five 1000s clay records [ 2 ] and contain information on armor, arms, chariots, naval warfare and subordinate inside informations about possible military personnels. The importance of these paperss is greatly enhanced by the complete deficiency of historical histories [ 3 ] from this epoch, and besides the fact that about all of the ideographs used in the archives are devoted to armor, arms, Equus caballuss and chariots [ 4 ] agencies that they are of intrinsic value to the apprehension of warfare in the Mycenaean universe. We will write a custom essay sample on Linear B Archives and the Mycenaean World or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, there are restrictions with the Linear B archives, peculiarly in footings of their chronological scope, stock list manner and possibly bias representation of the importance of warfare under normal fortunes. It is besides of import to see what other finds have made critical parts to our apprehension of Mycenaean warfare, such as the castles themselves, lasting arms and representations of war or armor in art. Since all of the tablets come from the palatial Centres, one of their most of import parts is that they tell us straight about the economic systems of the castles and that their chief focus’ were ‘military preparedness’ [ 5 ] , defensive schemes and the wealth to back up these things. The Linear B archives record information about the production, renovation and besides the distribution [ 6 ] of many different types of military equipment. It is possible to construe from the archives, that the Mycenaean’s used a really centralized system to garner and organize military equipment and that this was based around the chief palatial composite. Evidence for this can be seen in a tablet from Pylos which lists 16 different topographic points that were responsible for providing an sum of bronze in the signifier of caputs for pointers and lances [ 7 ] . The tablets besides straight show the extent that these castles were concerned with holding a to the full equipped fo rce [ 8 ] , this is chiefly due to the sheer figure of mentions to armor and arms throughout the archives. The many tablets picturing armor are particularly utile when seeking to understand Mycenaean warfare. Tablets at Tiryns [ 9 ] , Pylos and Knossos all record suits of armor and supply us with grounds for the usage of armor across a wider scope of palatial Centres than archeological discoveries would propose. At Pylos the tablets mention at least 20 suits of armor with the ideographs for a cuirass and a helmet, and at Dendra there are at least one hundred and 40 suits recorded in the chariot tablet [ 10 ] . The ideograms themselves are of great value because organize them you can see the manner and type of armor which is really similar to the suit which was discovered at Dendra and those described by Homer [ 11 ] . Not merely do the archives provide grounds for the usage of armor they besides give us some indicant of the value of the armor itself. In some tablets the ideograph for armor is replaced with one for a bronze metal bar [ 12 ] , this could be interpreted as a representative of the value of the armor or possibly as an approximative measure of stuff used to do the armor itself. A farther part made by the archives is the being of an illustration on the contrary of a tablet. The drawing shows a adult male have oning cracklings and pulling his blade, and was likely the work of a Scribe while he was waiting to do his recordings [ 13 ] . This is peculiarly interesting as it allows us to see the influence that warfare may hold had on a member of Mycenaean society who chose to chalk out this scene and its shows the arm and armor which was associated with a soldier. Weapons are an indispensable portion of warfare and were a major resource recorded in the tablets. The importance of arms to the Mycenaean’s can be clearly seen in a tablet from Pylos which records a measure of recycled bronze by the figure of pointer or spearheads it would be able to do [ 14 ] . The tablets besides contribute to our cognition of which stuffs were being used to fabricate arms, for illustration we can state that most arms were being made from bronze because articles of Fe were ne’er mentioned in the tablets [ 15 ] . The usage of ideographs to picture arms allows us to partially see how the arms would be used ; thrusting lances, throwing javelins, slings and bows are all shown in the tablets [ 16 ] . The ideographs are besides utile because it is possible to compare types of blades or stickers by looking at what is different between each separate ideograph. In the Linear B archives there have been big Numberss of tablets devoted to chariots or their furnishings. Many of these parts have unsmooth terrain so this is frequently seen as peculiarly surprising. One illustration is the part around Knossos, which was, and still is, particularly cragged and the lone manner to utilize a chariot would be to convey it to the beach or to the fields some distance off [ 17 ] . Records associating to chariots include ; a tablet from Pylos naming one hundred and fifty one chariot wheels [ 18 ] , and the Knossos tablets having several hundred chariots and trim parts [ 19 ] along with single stock lists which record a name, chariot, Equus caballuss and a suit of armour [ 20 ] . However, of peculiar involvement in footings of chariots are a few texts from Knossos and Pylos. The first, from Knossos, records the distribution of defensive armor to each of the chariot crew [ 21 ] . The texts from Pylos, which were found in the Northeast Workshop, list leather points that relate to chariots, some illustrations are reigns, hackamores, espousals and saddlebags [ 22 ] . You read "Linear B Archives and the Mycenaean World" in category "Essay examples" These groups of tablets provide us with information that non merely supports the other Linear B grounds, but besides archeological discoveries every bit good. The archives have far more limited information in footings of naval warfare. At Pylos there are some ill-defined mentions to over six 100 ‘rowers’ [ 23 ] , and lists of coastal colonies [ 24 ] , when considered together, these could be interpreted as naval administration or defensive readyings. A farther of import add-on to our cognition of naval warfare is the pulling found on the contrary of a tablet in Pylos, its shows an image of a ship. The image is non merely comparable to an ideograph used on a tablet from Knossos, but it besides resembles the ships used non by the Mycenaeans but the Minoans [ 25 ] . One could reason that there were possible convergences in the manner of ships used from the Minoan period into the Mycenaean epoch. The parts made by Linear B are undeniable, but on the other manus it is besides critical to see the disadvantages that these archives have. The records themselves were non intended to be long permanent [ 26 ] as they were merely preserved by opportunity. They are in a manner comparable to the modern post-it note: a disposable, inexpensive and movable manner of entering informations. The endurance of the tablets is besides wholly random [ 27 ] , which means that we are frequently left with disconnected subjects and it impossible to state how complete the archives we have are. The archives are besides merely based on a certain group of palatial Centres and so there is a possibility that there were some differences bing between these and others [ 28 ] . Therefore intending that utilizing the archives to acquire a image of the full Mycenaean universe is non dependable. A farther job with the tablets is the possibility that there are inaccurate. For illustration, those found in the ‘Room of the Chariot tablets’ , have been interpreted, by some, to be scribal exercisings and non echt records, the ground for this reading is that they were all written by different custodies in the same characteristic manner [ 29 ] . If this was the instance so much of our grounds for chariots would no longer be valid and the statement for their usage in cragged countries would be far weaker. The archives besides have immense chronological restrictions in footings of their scope as they are either limited to the last twelvemonth or so before the devastation of the castles, or they are random dateless old ages [ 30 ] . The maximal scope of the archives has been dated to between 14 hundred and twelve hundred BC, and each of the paperss merely refers to the current twelvemonth [ 31 ] . This makes it highly hard to determine information sing tendencies or forms across the whole of the Mycenaean epoch. It is besides of import to take into consideration that these records represent what can merely be seen as a period of agitation for the Mycenaean civilizations. The twelvemonth before the devastation of the castles would hold likely been far more militaristic than ordinary twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. In the tablets we see illustrations of particular commissariats made for this clip of warfare, one such illustration was Bronze Smiths being excused from holding to pay revenue enhancement because they were so busy doing arms [ 32 ] . The tablets from Pylos include records of parts of gold [ 33 ] and specific weights of bronze [ 34 ] from local functionaries ; it could be possible that this was to finance the war attempt. These records may so be giving us imbalanced position of the precedences of the Mycenaeans, and that possibly under less pressing times there is a much smaller focal point on warfare. Since the Linear archives are about wholly made up of stock lists [ 35 ] , it is exceptionally hard to understand either how objects were used or the nature of warfare itself in the Mycenaean universe. This is peculiarly important when you consider that none of the paperss record the being of an existent ground forces [ 36 ] . It seems apparent that although the archives provide us with a great sum of information, they do hold their restrictions. In order to to the full understand Mycenaean warfare it is besides necessary to see the archeological grounds that we have available. For illustration, the castles themselves show grounds of a demand for strong defense mechanisms. The edifice works which took topographic point before their devastation are a clear indicant of readying for besiegings and onslaughts ; in peculiar the debut of H2O supplies [ 37 ] that would let those inside the walls to last, even under a long term besieging. Furthermore the parts in footings weaponry from the archives are much more valuable to us when we use it aboard existent lasting arms and armor. One of the most of import finds was the Dendra armor, a full bronze corselet and neckpiece [ 38 ] which is made from a figure of single sheets of bronze [ 39 ] . Armours of this type were recorded in tablets at both Knossos and Pylos [ 40 ] and the armour type can be clearly recognised by the ideograms themselves. We can besides utilize comparings between archeological grounds and the tablets to follow different types of blade, and by making so it is possible to see some possible alterations in military patterns [ 41 ] . Since the archives consist largely of stock lists it is utile to see these points as represented by the Mycenaeans, in peculiar through art, which gives us the chance to see word pictures of chariots, arms and armor in usage. One such illustration of this is the ‘Silver Siege Ryhton’ from Shaft Grave four, which depicts an onslaught on a walled colony [ 42 ] . What is peculiarly interesting is that this is a seaborne onslaught and so could associate to the tablets naming coastal colonies from Pylos ; it besides shows an bowman [ 43 ] which supports information on arms. Another vas which provides utile information is the ‘Warrior Vase’ from Mycenae, this shows six work forces processing on each side of the vase. The work forces all wear white spotted, horned helmets, and carry lances and shields. They wear cracklings, abruptly fringed skirts and corselets [ 44 ] . The subject of processing soldiers is besides seen on the ‘Painted Grave Stelae’ from Mycenae [ 45 ] . It is possible so to acquire some thought of how the equipment of a soldier would be put together and to see that warfare had a large influence on Mycenaean art. The usage of Sus scrofas tusk helmets is far more emphatic through art than in the archives, for illustration ; in the fresco from Akrotiri which is dated to about 16 hundred BC [ 46 ] , and on a carven tusk alleviation from the house North of the ‘Oil Merchants’ which shows a Mycenaean warrior have oning a Sus scrofas tusk helmet. These illustrations are important because they represent the demand to see the Linear B tablets every bit merely one portion of the image, and non as a exclusive subscriber to our apprehension of Mycenaean warfare. In decision, How to cite Linear B Archives and the Mycenaean World, Essay examples

Revolutions of the Long 19th Century Essay Sample free essay sample

During the â€Å"Long 19th Century† ( 1750-1914 ) there were many alterations go oning around the Earth and determining the universe we live in today. At this clip. amidst other alterations such as industrialisation and imperialism. some of the world’s most of import revolutions began taking topographic point. In America. the first revolution of the nineteenth century took topographic point and put the foundations for one of the most of import universe powers in modern history. The Gallic revolution led to a new imperialistic power and was one of the most influential revolutions of its clip with its effects being felt throughout the universe. Although there were legion sums of alterations in all facets of life at this clip. more significantly were the revolutions that took topographic point in France and America because they led to great political and societal alteration that influenced the Earth and besides made two universe powers. During the nineteenth century in America. there was turning discontent for their female parent state. Britain. A series of events had led to Americans experiencing more distant from their female parent state and that they could non efficaciously govern their settlements with such a big distance. The first cardinal event that began the demand for independency was the Gallic and Indian War. This war was fought between France ( before French revolution ) and Britain from 1754-1763 over the settlements in America and shortly became a global struggle between the two states. The competition created between the two states became a cardinal portion of the American Revolution subsequently on. Although Britain came out winning. their economic system took a large hit and left them in immense debt which they looked to the settlements to refund. After 1763 all the manner to the beginning of the war in 1775. Britain put in topographic point a batch of Acts of the Apostless which increased revenue enhancements. and as a consequence bitter ness of the British authorities. These Acts of the Apostless included the sugar act. currency act. billeting act. stamp act. Townshend Acts of the Apostless. tea act. and unbearable act. all of which were non approved by the settlers. Some Acts of the Apostless. such as the cast act and tea act. led to little opposition and rebellions of their ain. The boies and girls of autonomy began tar and feathering revenue enhancement aggregators to demo their discontent of the cast act. and in response to the tea act. settlers took topographic point in the Boston tea party in which they dumped tea over board from ships in the Boston seaport. To halt these rebellions and prevent hereafter 1s. Britain put forth the Intolerable act in which town meetings were now outlawed. However despite this the first Continental Congress took topographic point in which 12 of the 13 settlements came together in Philadelphia and began boycotting British goods. ( Stearns 639 ) ( Kelly ) In 1775 British military personnels had been commanded to travel to Lexington and Concord to forestall future rebellions by taking military supplies and demilitarizing any Rebels in these countries and besides collaring Samuel Adams and John Hancock who were leaders of the rebellion. The Americans had received word of the British programs and were waiting and ready for them when they came. However once the British arrived. they surrounded the little reserves of about merely 80 work forces and commanded the Rebels to set down their arms. But among all of the confusion and cheering. the Americans did non hear their commanding officer John Parker’s order to scatter and travel place and they stood their land. Although both sides were commanded non to fire unless fired upon. an unknown beginning fired a shooting and shortly after without bid British military personnels began firing fusillades killing 8 settlers and injuring another 10. with the remainder running off. The British suffered merely a really minor causality which was a pes lesion. The British so marched onto Concord where the Rebels were one time once more waiting. Expecting at that place to be no fire exchanged once more. another conflict broke out and the Americans. surprisingly. forced the British to withdraw after the loss of 70 work forces. This was the first clip warfare had been exchanged between the two groups and was the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. ( ushistory. org ) All of these new Acts of the Apostless and responsibilities put on the settlers led to new ill will towards Britain and the belief that Britain was non suited or able to efficaciously regulate the settlements. Besides the settlers believed they had no just say in the Acts of the Apostless. The Declaration of Independence was a clear mark of this and showed that the Americans wanted to govern themselves. Although there had already been contending for 14 months with the war good underway. and the Declaration non truly necessary. the establishing male parents choose to compose it so Britain would cognize why they are interrupting off and what they did incorrect and to give a ground and intent and to the Americans to cognize why they are contending. It gave Britain and its King a really long list of facts of what they did incorrectly. â€Å"The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of perennial hurts and trespasss. all holding in direct object the constitution of an absolute Dictatorship over these states† ( US Declaration of Independence ) . After the conflicts of Lexington and Concord the war lasted for another 8 old ages. There were series of runs launched by the British authorities to try to take back the settlements one country at a clip. Although some were successful. King George III gave up on subduing and destructing the American ground forcess and went into a program of â€Å"punishing† them and the settlers by pelting their ports and metropoliss. go forthing many military personnels garrisoned in cardinal topographic points ( such as New York ) and unleashing Native Americans to assail the Americans on the frontier. King George III had more jobs to worry approximately as France and Spain both joined in on the war and made him focused on the European war. After several more old ages of combat. and a immense triumph at Yorktown. the British eventually surrendered and the Americans had won. On September 3rd. 1783. the Treaty of Paris was signed and the Americans had won their independency. The American radical war had enormous effects on political thought and societal life. New thoughts and Torahs like. equality. autonomy. God-given rights. democracy. and cheques and balances influenced many European minds an d leaders and gave a theoretical account for new democracies to come. It led to the birth of other rebellions and revolutions. like the Gallic revolution and the Haitian rebellion. Besides new confederations were formed between France and other states. Socially it proved to the universe that Britain. the strongest ground forces and state of that clip. was non invulnerable. New organized emancipationist motions began to seek and stop bondage in the United States and distribute to other states shortly after. Women’s rights easy were being discussed in the United States and defied traditional beliefs. After the war America’s economic system was greatly strengthened and led to new concerns and occupations. Despite this America was in debt because of all the money it had borrowed and help it had received from other states and became a fiscal load for those who sided with the settlements. ( ushistory. org ) Unlike the American Revolution. France was non interrupting off from a female parent state but seeking to subvert a longstanding monarchy. France had three different estates that it was divided into. The First Estate was the clergy and spiritual lead ers. the second was the Lords. and the Third Estate was the provincials and lower category which was the largest of the three but had the least say in authorities. King Louis XVI. holding familial debt from the Seven Years War. increased the revenue enhancements of the 3rd estate to try to pay off their debts. and greatly impacted the people of the 3rd estates lives. Food deficits were common as the demand for staff of life increased every bit good as the monetary value. and the provincials did non hold the money necessary to purchase it because of the revenue enhancements. This led to many people traveling hungry and public violences interrupting out. To battle this. Louis XVI instituted a series of reforms in an effort to better conditions and allow more rights to the people who had progressively grown in its demand for equality. This demand for rights and equality was influenced by the American Revolution and its thoughts of enlightenment. formation of a fundamental law. and sign language of the Declaration of Independence. The thoughts of autonomy. equality. belongings. and freedom were echoed in France as subsequently on in the revolution they made their ain declaration. the Declaration of the Right of Man and the Citizen. However Louis XVI’s reforms became uneffective with the parliament which claimed Louis did non hold the authoriza tion to revenue enhancement the First and Second Estate. Finally on June 17. 1789. the Third Estate broke away for France and declared itself the National Assembly. ( Stearns 640 ) ( Mapsofworld. com ) After being created. the National Assembly declared that it merely had the power to make up ones mind on revenue enhancements. Once hearing this. King Louis XVI banned the national assembly from the meeting hall and literally locked them out of it. The National Assembly took affairs into their ain custodies and moved to a tennis tribunal across the street. There the members of the National Assembly swore the â€Å"Tennis Court Oath† which swore that they would non interrupt apart until a fundamental law had been drafted with would vouch rights to the people of France. Several lower ranking Lords and clergies broke off from the First and Second Estate to fall in the National Assembly. In order to seek and avoid a rebellion from the people. Louis XVI made the representatives of the First and Second Estate join the National Assembly as a mark of acknowledgment and credence of the National Assembly. ( Kries ) However Louis XVI attempts were in vain as on July 12. 1789 the citizens of France stormed Bastille looking for ammo and gunpowder as they had merely acquired many guns and cannons from Hotel Invalid es. The adult male in charge of the fortress turned prison was Bernard de Launey. who agreed to give up to the crowd every bit long as he was non hurt. However. the crowd took him captive and shortly cut off his caput and mounted it on top of a station to demo they would halt at nil. When Louis XVI heard about this he said â€Å"But. this is a rebellion! † The functionary who had informed him of the intelligence said â€Å"No. Sire. It is a revolution† ( Plain. 29 ) By August 30. 1792. France had entered into a province of panic. The Duke of Brunswick’s ground forcess had begun sieging the fastness of Verdun. Once it fell. pandemonium and slaughters broke out across the state with priests being dragged out of their managers and killed and captives of Paris slaughtered. Once the Jacobin nine had taken control. the Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia but was rapidly defeated. There was panic one time once more as enemies ground forcess began processing towards the capital. Revolutionists stormed the Tuileries castle and forced the royal household to fly. However in September of 1792 the Gallic Army defeat ed the Prussians and the National Assembly named itself the National Convention. Immediately they abolished the Monarchy and the King was sent to the closure by compartment. Once King Louis XVI was dead. France broke out in war with about all of the European states and had internal struggles of its ain. The Committee of Public safety was established to seek and happen integrity for France. Soon nevertheless it began what is known as the reign of panic for France and anybody who could perchance oppose the revolution was killed. Ironically. the leader of the commission. Maximilien Robespierre. was besides sent to the closure by compartment. After the reign of panic was over. a 5-member Directory was put into topographic point. However the Directory was faced with big issues such as nutrient deficits and deficiency of goods in France. In times of demand. Napoleon Bonaparte supported the directory and gave aid. In November of 1799. the Directory was overthrown and Napoleon Bonaparte was put into power under a new fundamental law as the first Consulate. Napoleon shortly went on to set up the Bank of France. better educational systems. and do a codification of jurisprudence known as the Napoleonic codification. He besides went on to suppress a big sum of European states and by 1806 contro lled most of Europe. After being taken over by France. many European states had a new spirit of patriotism as they banded together during French republics regulation and became progressively more loyal to their original states. Once France became highly powerful. Napoleon changed the fundamental law to give him even more power and finally declared himself Emperor of France. Although this was non truly shut to the thoughts of the revolution. the Gallic believed that their lives were better off under Napoleon and it remained that manner until he fell in 1815. ( Stearns 641 ) The American and Gallic revolution had many similarities and difference to each other. with both holding a permanent impact on the universe. On one manus you have the Americans who wanted to interrupt away from Great Britain. and on the other. you have the Gallic attempting to free the monarchy. Both states had been influenced by enlightenment thoughts and go a big constituent of their Declarations. Both had suffered economic adversities that led to the realisation that alteration was needed. However America and France had really different odds stacked against them ; with the Americans having the assistance of France and Spain during their war while France fought most of Europe by itself. Similarly both states had gone through different signifiers of authorities after the combat. The Americans first had the Article of Confederation. which lacked any existent national authorities and gave all the power to the provinces. and eventually established the Constitution of the United States. The Gallic besides went through alterations in authorities. foremost with the National Assembly. so the Committee of Public Safety. so the Directory. and eventually the Consulate. Finally the Americans neer went through a â€Å"reign of terror† or anything near as extremist and helter-ske lter as the Gallic did. Overall both revolutions had a big impact on history with the Gallic goad revolutions all across Europe and a new feel of patriotism. and America still standing with the Fundamental law it was found on and puting the theoretical account for democracy across the universe. ( Wilde ) Plants Cited Kelly. Martin. â€Å"Causes of the American Revolution. † American History. about. com. n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //americanhistory. about. com/od/revolutionarywar/a/amer_revolution. htm gt ; . Kries. Steven. â€Å"The Oath of the Tennis Court. † History Guide. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. historyguide. org/intellect/tennis_oath. hypertext markup language gt ; . Mapsofworld. com. â€Å"Impact of American Revolution on Other Nations. † Maps of World. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mapsofworld. com/usa/american-revolution/impact-other-nations. hypertext markup language gt ; . Stearns. Peter N. Combined Volume. 6th erectile dysfunction. Boston: Charlyce Jones Owen. 2011. Print. Ushistory. org. â€Å"Lexington and Concord. † US History. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ushistory. org/us/11c. asp g t ; . – – . â€Å"Societal Impacts of the American Revolution. † US History. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ushistory. org/us/12. asp gt ; . Wilde. Robert. â€Å"The